Fifth week

Agenda:

1. Greetings

2. Computer parts: Hardware and software basics

3. Video

4. Activity

Main components of the computer

External hardware examples

Below is a list of external hardware or hardware found outside of your computer that may be found with a computer.

Flat-panel, monitor, and LCD
Gamepad
Joystick
Keyboard
Microphone
Mouse
Printer
Projector
Scanner
Speakers
USB thumb drive

Internal hardware examples

Below is a list of internal hardware or hardware that is found inside your computer and may be found in a computer.

CPU (central processing unit).
Drive (e.g., Blu-ray, CD-ROM, DVD, floppy drive, hard drive, and SSD).
Fan (heat sink)
Modem
Motherboard
Network card
Power supply
RAM
Sound card
Video card

Software

A software or computer software essentially a type of programs which enable the users to perform some particular specific task or actually used to operate their computer.

Examples and types of software

System Software:

Essentially, it is a software which is used to manage the behaviour of the computer hardware in order to offer basic functionalities which are needed by the user.
a. Operating System: MS Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android, CentOS, Ubuntu, Unix
b. Device Drivers: This type of software controls particular hardware which is essentially attached to the system.
c. Firmware: It is actually a permanent software which is embedded in the system's read-only memory.
d. Utility: It provides support to the computer infrastructure. Software like disk cleanup and management tools, anti-viruses, defragmenters, compression tools etc. are all utility software.

Application Software

They are also known as end-user programs or productivity programs are software that helps the user in completing tasks such as doing online research, jotting down notes, setting an alarm, designing graphics, keeping an account log, doing calculations or even playing games

There are various types of application software:

a. Word Processors: These applications for documentation.
b.Database Software: This software is used to create and manage a database.
c. Multimedia Software: It is the software that is able to play, create or record images, audio or video files.
d.Education and Reference Software: These types of software are specifically designed to facilitate learning on a particular subject.
e.Graphics Software: It comprises of picture editors and illustration software.
f.Web Browsers: These applications are used to browse the internet.

Agenda 2:

Greetings
What is RAM and ROM memory?
Activity

RAM Memory

Random access memory, or RAM, is one of the most important components of not only desktop PCs, but laptops, tablets, smartphones, and gaming consoles. Without it, doing just about anything on any system would be much, much slower.

In a nutshell, it's an extremely fast type of computer memory which temporarily stores all the information your PC needs right now and in the near future. It's where your computer loads up all the things it thinks it will need to find out soon, so that when it does need something, it can read it super fast.

SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)

It is relatively faster than other RAM types such as DRAM. It consumes less power. SRAM can hold the data as long as power is supplied to it.

DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)

Dynamic: will lose data unless refreshed periodically (DRAM)

ROM Memory

Short for read-only memory, ROM is a storage medium that is used with computers and other electronic devices. As the name indicates, data stored in ROM may only be read.

A good example of ROM is the computer BIOS, which is a PROM chip that stores the programming needed to begin the initial computer startup process. Using a non-volatile storage medium is the only way to begin this process for computers and other devices.

Volatility of Memory

volatile memory

Loses data over time or when power is removed • RAM is volatile

Non-volatile

memory stores data even when power is removed • ROM is non-volatile

Activity

Create a mind map using the following tool https://www.mindmup.com/#storage , based on the differences between RAM and ROM memory.